Permaculture Design Course

Permaculture Design Course
Madeira Island - Portugal
Permaculture is to live in harmony with nature providing for human needs and the needs of everything around us

2 “A Toca do Rebento”

2
A Toca do Rebento”
Project

Painting at "A Toca do Rebento"

The process of design and implementation of a project that would be a laboratory of permaculture in the heart of a city , as the first living example of the possibilities to develop ecologically rich ecosystems using permaculture technics in the urban context of Lisboa.

 Old picture of neighbourhood

First Television visit

This was a project that was born in 2008 in the center of the city of Lisbon wen I decided I wanted to have the experience of living in the capital of Portugal.

 Inicial stages

Born by the curiosity about the life in the center of a big city and all the potential involved, all the visible aspects of such a difficult landscape and also the invisible pot of opportunities for networking .


Worm reproduction

For more than 2 years many people would be passing by the "Toca do Rebento" and be inspired by the biodiversity.

Propagation area

O.B.R.E.D.I.M.C.E.

Observation


Intuitive Observation
-Most of growing area with lawn
-Central area as pateo
-Very good wind protection
-Some productive medium and large size trees
-Abandoned pigeon coop
-High walls
-Big shaded area
-Outside eating area
-Soil compacted.
-Good sun exposure
-Exposed to some neighbors
-House at ground level of very high building

Worms in germination boxes

Deductive Observation
-Amazing potential
-Possibility to collect some rain water
-Possible area for around 5 chickens
-Possibility to produce the vegetables for 4 people
-For full production high maintenance required
-Trees can produce more than 150 kg of fruits
-Large amount of mulch from trees
-Easy cardboard access in the city
-Lawn needs to be removed
-100 square meters area
-50 square meters growing area
-Possibility for pots and vertical growth

Space stacking

D.A.F.O.R.
Flow of Ideas

Dominant
Possible production for 1 family in 100 square meters
Easy access to people and social dynamics
Abundant
Easy to promote permaculture activities
Good to host small meetings
Possible introduction of animals
Frequent
Potential for getting great practical experience
Possible genetic bank of plants from all the city
Occasional
Limitations on materials and tools
How to maintain in vacations period
Rare
Possibility of heavy rain and climate limitations
Time stacking and possibility of leaving at any moment

Edible hibiscus


General view

Boundaries

Holistic objectives

Vision
The Vision for “A Toca do Rebento” is to create a demonstration site for permaculture methodologies in the center of Lisbon

Mission

The mission for this garden is to provide as much food as possible for its residents and to be a sanctuary for plants and biodiversity.

Values

This project has as main values, communication, integration, education, sustainability, hope, transparency, creativity.

Quality of life
By developing this project i hope to have a 

closer connection with Nature, and a more 

harmonious life in an urban context, and to 

share that with friends.

Future resource base
For the Future of this project the idea is that 

other friends will keep developing the dynamics 

of the place and the relations to the 

community.
Pateo shaded by mesh in summer time

Visible Boundaries
100 square meter garden
50 square meters growing area
700mm rainfall
Dry summer
Price of water
Shading areas
Close neighbors
Limited working materials
Possibility of noise created by animals

Invisible Boundaries
-Difficulty on selling extra production
-Most of neighbors are old people
-House is rented
-Limited knowledge
-Low budget
-Time for maintenance and development

Climate

The scale of permanence

1-Climate
Very stable weather
Most of rain in the winter time
Not extreme summer
Maximum rain in one day around 40mm
Temperatures between -5 and 38ºC
No frost
Orographic effect due to close presence of sea
Wind protection from buildings

2-Landscape
-Totally flat garden
-South orientation
-No stones in soil
-Low wind turbulence

3-Water
-Water from the tap
-Dripping irrigation
-Some sprinklers
-Intensive mulching
-Possibilities for ponds

4-Access
-One door from the kitchen as only access
-High walls around garden provide no access

5-Wildlife
-Some big trees host many birds
-Introduction of flowers attract many insects
-No easy access for big animals except cats
-Some blind snakes detected
-Possibility of small domestic animals

6-Micro climates
-Easy implementation of micro climates
-Buildings preserve heat
-Stable temperature
-Shade from trees create cooler areas
-South facing walls

7-Buildings
-House in the north side
-Old pigeon coop in south east
    -Pateo in the center of the garden
8-Zones
-Urban environmental context
-Easy social interconnections, local, national and international
-Temporary rented house

9-Soils
-Compacted soil
-Black and rich in organic matter
-Not deeper than the roots of medium tree
-Ph 6.5
-No mulch
-Lawn as ground cover

10-Aesthetics
-Very coasi
-Perfect for a familiar size project
-Characteristics of intensive system
-Potential for art

Early days


Subtile boundaries:
-North facing wall for shade plants
-Shade under trees
-Heat from pateo

Desire lines
  -The paths were in the perfect place
-Access to garden beds were created


Edible flowers

D.A.F.O.R.
Bounderies
Dominant
Time for developing
Abundant
Financial limitations
Frequent
Presence on site
Ocasional
Working force
Rare
Lack of enthusiam

Prickly pears 

Resources

Visible Resources
-Limited tap water
-Unlimited cardboard
-Abundant coffee scraps
-Around 50 euros per month budget
-Some gardening tools
-50 square meters gardening space
-Vertical growing space
-Old pigeon coop
-Several fruit trees

Invisible resources
-Limited knowledge
-Abundance of ideas
-Around 30 hours per week to maintain

Californian red worms


P.A.S.T.E.
Plants
Animals
Structures
Tools
Events

Annuals

Lettuce
Spinach
garlic
onions
potatoes
Tomatoes
Sunflower
Pumpkins
Courgette

Perennials

Cabbage
Swiss chard
Petunia
Primula
Fleur du lis
Strawberry
Wild strawberry


Banana”
Sugar canne

LEGUME

Beans
Peas
Fava
Luzern
Clover

MEDICINAL

Mint
Pennyroyal
Basilicum
Aloe
Citronela
Thyme
Calendula
Viola
Mint
Red mint

Shrubs

Sweet lime
Ibiscus
Fushia
Abutilon

Trees

Loquat
Lemon tree
Apricot
Olive

Fungi

Judas ears

Vines

Passion fruit
Wine
Chuchu

Mammals

Rabbit
Cats

Birds

Black bird
Sparrow
House Martin
Blue crowded Parakeet
Japanese silky chickens
pigeons

Insects

Bumbblebee
Carpenter bee
Honey bees
Dragonflies

Reptiles

Turtle
Blind snake

Amphibians

Frogs

Fish

Koy fish








Houses

Ground house in 3 levels building

Buildings

Piegeon coop

Sheds

Meals area

Paths

Big central pateo
Paths along beds

Machines

Streamer

Tools

Gardening tools



Natural

Heavy rains in April

Hot summer

Courses

Preparatory meetings for:


2

Introduction to permaculture courses
at
Agriculture university

Introduction course in the Algarve

Visits

Sintra mountains

Arrabida mountains

Local projects

Gran cannaria
Spain

Gatherings

Permaculture meeting with 80 people at Agriculture university

Guerrilla gardening

International

International
Sustainability project

Italy




International
Sustainability project

Belgium




Okaido pumpkins and liquors


Evaluation



First year

Imput and output analysis

Inputs
Needs

D.A.F.O.R.
Dominant
-Composting area
Abundant
-Worm composting area
-Germination area
Frequent
-Introduction of plants
-Water harvesting structures
Occasional
-Chickens
-Organic matter
-Shade in summer
-Help from friends
Rare
 -Pruning trees


600gr Lemon

Outputs
Yields
Dominant
-Quality of life
-Knowledge
-Worms
Abundant
-Most of vegetables
-Networking
Frequent
-Experience
-Good compost
Occasional
-Seasonal fruits
-Eggs
Rare
-Extra fruits for exchange
-Money

Passion fruit


Limiting factors



What is limiting your yield?

-The factor that limits mostly the yield is the time available for implementation



Were can i open more niches?

-Socially there is an immense potential for activities



What improvements can be done?

-A good organization of time and tasks



How to extend limits and comfort zones?
-Connect to social and natural edges of the city

Networking

Energy leaks
Where are you bleeding?
The rent of the house and garden
Not having a constant work force

S.W.O.C.

Strenghts
Weaknesses
Opportunities
Constraints
Central area
Easy resources

Time
Permanent maintenance
Education
Networking
Experience
Job
Owner

Protected Dove  in Garden

Systems dynamics

Key functions
Learning
Composting
Planting
Promoting
Networking
Feed animals
Watering
Making fertilizer
Wormcomposting


Systems to support the key functions
Plant harvesting
Water harvesting
Worm compost boxes
Practicing
Recycling
Researching
I.T.

Elements to support the systems
Myself
Friends
Neighbors
Parents
Compost bins
Water barrels
Chicken coop
House

Relations + + between systems
kitchen + + compost
compost + + garden beds
garden + + kitchen

Rain water harvesting + + Making natural fertilizers
Natural fertilizers + + Garden


Web of life
Snails as food for chickens
Chickens weed and fertilize garden
Garden produces food for chickens and rabbit and people

Pond attracts insects
Insects control pests
Koy carp eats mosquitoes larvae

Flowers atract insects
Insects polinate flowers
Flowers produce fruits
Fruits get eaten or composted
Compost fertilizes soil
Soil produces flowers

Bumblebees in designed spots

Design

Master plan
Top view

Moment 1
-Implement a low maintenance garden

Moment 2
-Design a website to promote the project

Moment 3
-Increase quality of the soil

Moment 4
-Open visits

Moment 5
-Courses and education

Zoning

Zones

Zone 1
-Most of the garden
-Small area next to kitchen for salad herbs
-Vegetables and medicinal herbs around pateo

Zone 2
-Under small fruit trees
-Area for perennials and bushes next to south wall

Zone 3
-Commercial area next to kitchen
-Worm and hummus production
-Composting area
-Chickens
-Water harvesting

Zone 4
-No Zone 4
-Wood from tree prunning

Zone 5
-All around pateo garden beds
-Pond
-Some planting to enrich
-Maintenance reduced just to collecting of fruits
-Wild life corridors

Sector analysis

P.M.I.

Filtering Tools

Permaculture Ethics

As a laboratory of urban permaculture “A toca do rebento” 

tries to use the resources in a more balanced and holistic 

way.


Care for earth


Reduce

Reduction on water and electricity uses

Reduction on general consumption


Reuse

Old washing machine converted in worm farm


Recycle

Cardboard and city garden leaves for compost and mulch


Repair

Old pigeon coop became chicken coop

Amazing improvements on soil quality

Pond made of recycled materials

Care for people


Social landscapes

Organization of many meetings, films, lectures, visits, 

dinners, courses, hostings.


Fair share

Special conditions for people with low income

Open visits to the garden

Fruits and herbs for visitors

Information Knowledge

Resources from city gardens

Permaculture Principles

The most frequent principles applied were

Integrate rather than segregate

Start small

Use local resources

Each element must perform several functions


Financial analysis 

Good to have a small investment in plants and upgrades

Important to have a big investment on courses and 

project promotion


Quality of life

-The quality of life to be achieved despite the limiting 

boundaries, is to have a  constant presence of friends and 

visits so that people can get inspired to start their own 

projects. 



Implementation

D.A.F.O.R.
Dominant
Remove lawn
Introduce chickens
Start composting
Observation
Abundant
Collect water
Start germination
Frequent
Recycle cardboard
Plant flowers for insects
Collect mulch in city gardens
Occasional
Shading with mesh
Fruits harvesting
Rare
Weeding
Pruning

Stacking
Time
Life story
2008
Lawn removal

Creation of composting area

Rain water harvesting system

Germination area

Newspaper reportage

3 people in the house

2009
House repairs

Introduction of 2 chickens

Introduction of rabbit

4 people in the house

2010
Successful breeding of japanese chickens

2 television reportage

Worm composting at full power

2-5 People in the house

Home bred silky chick

Seasonal
Spring
Intensive germination

Introduce leguminous plants

propagate worms in garden

Summer
Shade garden with mesh

Special attention to watering

Make preserved food

Autum
Prunning of trees

Heavy mulching

Collect mushroom from forest in the city

Winter
Heavy composting

Improving growing beds

Improve drainage


Space
-The project was design to use as much as possible the vertical space without compromising the sun sector.


Japanese silky chickens

Maintenance

S.W.O.C.
Strenghts
Weaknesses
Opportunities
Constraints
Education
Soil production
Chicken breeding
Animals food
Permanent maintenance
Meetings
Experiments
Experience
Weather
Time

P.A.S.T.E.
Plants
Animals
Structures
Tools
Events
Water 2 times a week in summer
Doesnt need water for all winter time
Constant germinations and sprouts
Reproduction by cuttings
Seed saving
Shade in summer
Protection from animals
Harvesting
Feeding
Collecting manure
Collect eggs
Improve shelter
Reproduction
Release in garden
Protect fruits from birds
Attract insects
Feed fish in pond
Worm composting maintenance

Improve shed
Repair
chicken coop
Build chicken tractor
Paint house
Organize seed bank area

Organize garden tools
Measure ph
Measure humidity and temperatura
Maintain small aquaponics system

Harvesting fruits
Shading pateo
Collect city mulch
Prepare for winter rains
Make fertilizer from rain water and nettles
Organize meetings
for permies
Collecting data
Most of the data collecting was done by videos and pictures since the beginning of the project.

The video reports can be seen HERE

Events

Celebration
Party
-Pizza night
-Convergence
-Meetings
-Movie nights
-Courses

D.A.F.O.R.
Dominant
Dinners
Visits
Movies
Abundant
Art in garden
Painting
Observation points
Relaxation
Music playing
Frequent
Meetings
Building Trellises
Parties
Occasional
Courses
Workshops
Yoga
Meditation
Rare
Building ponds

S.W.O.C.
Strenghts
Weaknesses
Opportunities
Constraints
Central area of city
Easy to make people move
Creates a lot of inspiration

Time
Maintenance of demonstration areas
Logistics for events
Education
Networking
Experience
Art exchanges
Cooking exchanges
Job
House Owner
Space for big groups
Local organic food

EVENTS

Characteristics
In “A Toca do Rebento we have organized many meetings and courses .

The project was able to host meetings of maximum 15 people in the pateo

Thru this preparatory meetings we have planned and realized a big meeting in the Agriculture university for 80 permaculturists to discuss the future of Permaculture in Portugal.

Most of the outside events we planned outside of project were for around 30 people.

We have organized permaculture courses, lectures, guerrilla gardening events, open days, seed exchanges and cooking classes.

The events were a reflection of the inner state of the project, by having a holistic project that is realy working we get a very good environment in the events, its very important to understand this dynamics .

Networking

Evaluation

P.A.S.T.E.
Plants
Animals
Structures
Tools
Events
Crucial importance in choosing the best place
Shaded area for shade plants
Many plants collected around the city
Trees develop in amazing way
Chickens eat more than expected
Rabbit eats much more than expected
Chickens are very easy to breed
Incredible impact in wildlife
Constant possibility for improvements
Limitations acording to resources available
Many improvisations
Required


Tools dont last very long
Important to reduce the need of tools as much as possible
Better to invest in quality
Extreme importance on doing things at the wright time
Events must be very well planned
before
Use energy flows as much as possible

Limiting factors

What is limiting your yield?
-The factor that limits mostly the yield is the need to move to other landscapes and learn more

Were can i open more niches?
-Move to other project that can have a bigger impact

What improvements can be done?
-There are no limits for imagination

How to extend limits and comfort zones?
-Moving to international projects and try new things

S.W.O.C.
Strenghts
Weaknesses
Opportunities
Constraints
Knowledge
Experience
Attitude
Networking
Finding proper niche
Timming
Angsiety
Patience

Personal and professional growth
Quality of life
Learning
Language
Time
Confidence
Luck

Systems dynamics
Web of life

Periquitões-de-cabeça-azul (Aratinga 


acuticaudata) em Lisboa


A nice story about the influence of this project to the biodiversity of the area is related to the Blue crowned parakeet (Aratinga acuticaudata) a bird that found its niche in Lisbons ecossystems.

This tropical bird was a common domestic animal until the birds flue arrived, with the panic of such a disease many people have opened their small prisons to set free this colorful bird.

Nobody was expecting that it would integrate so well with city landscape, breeding and flying over the city sky, like if in some part of a tropical forest.

In the beginning of 2009 I started seeing many of this birds in my garden eating loquats from my trees and that was something that totally blew my mind.

After some investigation I discovered that many birds do migrations in the city and that this little green friend have chosen my backyard to rest a bit from the rushed city life.

Blue crowned parakeet WIKI


What would i do different?

Its not easy to say what i would do different, because i believe everything is part of a bigger process of growth.
Its common that in the early stages people get very excited and moved by a strong passion, wanting to achieve fast results.
The presence of focus and experience changes deeply the scenario and efficiency of results. 
The observation process is the one who changes the most, so giving a special atention to this moments can create a big change.


Final observations
By developing this project I came out to find many surprises that I could never expect, the impact on biodiversity, the interest of people, the exponential growth of myself as a permaculturist and the example that such a design can be to other people that want to walk the same path.

It was very important for me to see how much food can be produced in such a small area and the possibilities for people to live in a more sustainable way, even is such a challenging context.

The experience of designing a urban permaculture project that had such a big impact on the development of Permaculture in Portugal, was to me an experience that I can never forget.

The dinners preparing international meetings and long talks about the situation of the world and the role of permaculture in such a challenging context was to me the fountain of an enormous inspiration and of immense energy to try to be the positive response that the world needs to become the planet of our dreams.


Wen I look back today, 5 years later I feel like its not time for victory or for final celebrations, there is still so much to be done and the city is the landscape that needs most support, so I dedicate this project to all the permaculturists that are still in the city in the “heart of Babylon” fighting and believing that the change we want to see in the world is in our hands and after our life changed with the discovery of permaculture, its now time to help to change others peoples lives too.

I need to say thank you to all my friends, that were always there telling me that I was on the right track and that I was an example for them by showing that is possible to have a new life, thank you all for the support, without you none of this could ever be possible, and you are the reason why this garden became alive.
                        

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